Retinoic acid receptor beta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
| RARB | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||
| Aliases | RARB, HAP, MCOPS12, NR1B2, RRB2, RARbeta1, retinoic acid receptor beta, RARbeta | ||
| External IDs | OMIM: ; MGI: ; HomoloGene: ; GeneCards: RARB; OMA:RARB - orthologs | ||
| Wikidata | |||
Retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta), also known as NR1B2 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group B, member 2) is a nuclear receptor that in humans is encoded by the RARBgene.[5][6]
Function
[edit]This gene encodes retinoic acid receptor beta, a member of the thyroid-steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcriptional regulators. This receptor localizes to the cytoplasm and to subnuclear compartments. It binds retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A which mediates cellular signalling in embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. It is thought that this protein limits growth of many cell types by regulating gene expression. The gene was first identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma where it flanks a hepatitis B virus integration site. A deregulation of this gene has also been detected in uterine c
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Cloning and Expression
From a comparison of a hepatitis-B virus (HBV) integration site present in a particular human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; ) with the corresponding unoccupied site in the nontumorous tissue of the same liver, Dejean et al. () found that HBV integration placed the viral sequence next to a liver cell sequence that bears a striking resemblance to both an oncogene, ERBA (), and the supposed DNA-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor () and estrogen receptor () genes. Dejean et al. () suggested that this gene, HAP, which is usually silent or transcribed at a very low level in normal hepatocytes, becomes inappropriately expressed as a consequence of HBV integration, thus contributing to the cell transformation. Further studies by de The et al. () suggested that the HAP gene product may be a novel ligand-responsive regulatory protein whose inappropriate expression in liver is related to hepatocellular carcinogenesis.
Brand et al. () showed that the novel protein called HAP is a retinoic acid receptor. They referred to this receptor as the beta type (RARB).
The retinoic acid receptors RARA () and RARB are members of the nuclear rece
RARB retinoic acid receptor beta [ (human)]
Gene ID: , updated on 8-Feb
Summary
This gene encodes retinoic acid receptor beta, a member of the thyroid-steroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcriptional regulators. This receptor localizes to the cytoplasm and to subnuclear compartments. It binds retinoic acid, the biologically active form of vitamin A which mediates cellular signalling in embryonic morphogenesis, cell growth and differentiation. It is thought that this protein limits growth of many cell types by regulating gene expression. The gene was first identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma where it flanks a hepatitis B virus integration site. Alternate promoter usage and differential splicing result in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Mar ]
Other designations
retinoic acid receptor beta, HBV-activated protein, RAR-beta, RAR-epsilon, hepatitis B virus activated protein, nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group B member 2, retinoic acid receptor, beta polypeptide
GeneRIFs: Gene References Into Functions
- A De Novo Noncoding RARB Variant Associated with Complex Microphthalmia Alters a Putative Regulatory Element.
- RARB associate
WinRAR Final released
WinRAR Released – A Major Update Featuring Dark Mode, Performance Enhancements and Improved Security
Berlin, February 18, and GmbH have officially released the latest version of WinRAR , introducing a wide range of new features, performance improvements, and enhanced security options. Among the most anticipated updates is Dark Mode support, a highly requested feature that has now been fully implemented. Additionally, faster compression speeds, improved navigation, and enhanced privacy controls have been introduced to provide a smoother and more efficient file management experience.
Highlights of the new version include:
Dark Mode Compatibility
With this update, Dark Mode has been seamlessly integrated, allowing WinRAR to automatically adapt to Windows' color settings. Users who prefer a darker interface to reduce eye strain or for aesthetic reasons can now activate the feature under "Settings/Interface". The option to synchronize Dark Mode with Windows settings or enable it manually within WinRAR ensures a consistent look across applications.
Performance Boost with Large Memory Pages
Significant performance improvements have been in
.